The AMR footprint: an integrative indicator in the global response to antimicrobial resistance

The article proposes a new way to track progress in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by introducing the concept of an “AMR footprint” — similar to how we use a carbon footprint to measure environmental impact. Instead of relying only on traditional targets like mortality rates or antibiotic consumption, the AMR footprint brings together a set of measurable indicators across human health, animal/agri-food systems, and the environment to show how actions in these areas collectively influence AMR risk over time. By comparing these measures against national baselines, the footprint is designed to highlight improvements, strengthen accountability, and support better policy and investment decisions — moving the global response from broad goals toward continuous, measurable progress.